Multiple myeloma produces many complications that require close medical attention and management.

• Hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium level)  This occurs in almost one-third of all patients and should be
  suspected if symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst, increased urine,
  constipation, weakness, change in mental alertness or confusion develop. Treatment is urgent because kidney
  failure is common. Therapy with intravenous fluids and prednisone is usually effective, but if it isn't there are a
  variety of other effective agents such as the diphosphonates.

• Infections  Bacterial infections may occur and must be diagnosed and treated promptly with appropriate
  antibiotics. All patients should receive pneumococcal vaccine and influenza immunizations. Prophylactic
  penicillin or intravenous gamma globulin should be considered for those with serious recurrent bacterial
  infections.